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Type and process requirements of metal drawing process:
First, the type of metal drawing process
(1) cylinder stretching: the stretching of the cylinder with flange. Flange and the bottom are face to face, the cylinder is axisymmetric, in the same circumference of the deformation is uniform, flange blank produces deep drawing deformation.
(2) Ellipse stretching: the blank on the flange is stretched and deformed, but the amount of deformation and deformation ratio change accordingly. The larger the curvature is, the larger the deformation of the blank is. The smaller the curvature, the smaller the deformation of the blank.
(3) Rectangular drawing: low rectangular parts formed by one drawing. The tensile resistance at the rounded corner of the flange deformation zone is greater than that at the straight edge, and the degree of deformation at the rounded corner is greater than that at the straight edge.
(4) Yamagata stretching: the side wall is suspended in the process until the end of the forming mold. The deformation characteristics of different parts of the side wall are not exactly the same.
(5) Dump stretching: the deformation of the billet in the forming process of the dome cover plate is not a simple stretching deformation, but a composite forming of stretching and bulging deformation.
(6) hemispherical drawing with flange: when the spherical parts are drawn, the blank is in local contact with the spherical top of the punch, and most of the rest are in a suspended state.
(7) Flange stretching: the stretching flange part is shallow stretching. The stress - strain condition is similar to compression flanging.
(8) edge stretching: angular re-stretching of the flange requires that the material has good deformation.
(9) Deep stretching: it needs to be completed by more than two times of stretching. Wide-flanged drawing parts are drawn to the required flange diameter at the first stretch, and the flange diameter remains the same at the subsequent stretch.
(10) Conical stretching: due to the large depth deformation of deep conical parts, it is easy to cause excessive thinning and even rupture of local billet, and it needs to be formed gradually after several transitions.
(11) Rectangular redrawing: the deformation of high rectangular parts formed by repeated drawing is not only different from that of deep cylindrical parts, but also very different from that of low box parts.
(12) surface forming: surface stretching forming, so that the outer flange part of the metal flat billet is reduced, the inner flange part is elongated, and the surface shape is not straight wall or flat bottom.
(13) Step drawing: the initial drawing is redrawn to form a step bottom. The deeper part is deformed in the early stage of drawing forming, while the shallower part is deformed in the later stage of drawing.
(14) reverse stretching: stretching the workpiece before the process, reverse stretching is a kind of redrawing. Reverse tensile method can increase the radial tensile stress, which can get a good effect to prevent wrinkling. It is also possible to increase the tensile coefficient of retrenching.
(15) Thinning stretching: different from ordinary stretching, thinning stretching is mainly to change the thickness of the cylinder wall of the stretching part during the stretching process.
(16) Panel stretching: the surface shape of the panel is complex. In the drawing process, the deformation of blank is complicated, and its forming property is not simple drawing forming, but compound forming which exists at the same time of drawing and bulging.
Second, metal drawing process scheme
(1) According to the workpiece drawings, analyze the shape characteristics, size, precision requirements, raw material size and mechanical properties of the workpiece, and combine the factors such as the selection of equipment and batch. Good drawing technology should ensure less material consumption, less number of processes, less equipment.
(2) Calculation of main process parameters Based on the analysis of the stamping process, find out the characteristics and difficulties of the process, according to the actual situation put forward a variety of possible drawing process scheme, including the nature of the process, process number, process sequence and combination mode.Sometimes the same workpiece may also exist more than one feasible process scheme, usually each scheme has its own advantages and disadvantages, should be comprehensive analysis, comparison, to determine the best suitable scheme.
(3) Process parameters refer to the data based on which the process plan is made, such as various forming coefficients (deep drawing coefficient, bulging coefficient, etc.), part expansion size and various stresses, etc. There are two kinds of calculation, the first is that the process parameters can be calculated more accurately, such as the material utilization rate of parts layout, the workpiece area, etc. The second is that the process parameters can only be approximately calculated, such as general bending or deep drawing forming force, complex parts billet expansion size, etc. The determination of such process parameters is generally based on the empirical formula or chart for rough calculation, some need to be adjusted through tests.
(4) select the drawing equipment according to the nature of the process to be completed and the characteristics of the force and energy of various equipment, consider the required deformation force and size and other main factors, combined with the existing equipment to reasonably select the type of equipment and tonnage.
Third, the method of selection of tensile oil
(1) because the silicon steel plate is relatively easy to stretch the material, so in order to clean the workpiece product easily, under the premise of preventing scratches, low viscosity stamping oil will be selected.
(2) carbon steel plate in the selection of tensile oil, should be based on the process difficulty and degreasing conditions to determine the better viscosity.
(3) because of the chemical reaction with chlorine additives, so galvanized steel plate in the selection of tensile oil should pay attention to the chlorine type tensile oil may occur white rust problem, and the use of sulfur type tensile oil can avoid rust problem.
(4) stainless steel is easy to produce hardening material, require the use of high oil film strength, good resistance to sintering tensile oil. Tensile oil containing sulfur and chlorine compound additives is generally used to ensure extreme pressure performance and avoid problems such as burr and rupture of the workpiece.